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Fibromyalgia

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What is fibromyalgia?

Fibromyalgia is a common condition that causes widespread stiffness, aches and pain in muscles throughout the body. It can also cause extreme tiredness, which can interfere with carrying out normal activities. In some people the symptoms may come and go, while others experience pain every day.

Causes

The exact cause of fibromyalgia is not known. It can sometimes begin after physical trauma, such as a car accident or surgery, or after having an infection, depression or experiencing severe stress. It is thought that these events change the way your body's nerves interpret pain, which cause it to be highly sensitive, even to touch and movement.

In some people the symptoms of fibromyalgia can be made worse by:

Risk factors

Fibromyalgia can affect all types of people, but women between 30 and 60 years of age are the most likely to develop the condition. Fibromyalgia is also more common in people who have a family member with the condition, or have conditions such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis, or lupus.

Signs and symptoms

The signs and symptoms of fibromyalgia vary from person to person. The most common symptoms are widespread stiffness, aches and pains in your muscles, especially in the back, neck and shoulders. These aches and pains can be mild to severe and usually last for three months or more. If you have fibromyalgia, you may have certain areas on your body that are very tender. These spots are called 'tender points' and although they can occur anywhere, they typically appear in 18 places on the body.

The 18 tender points associated with fibromyalgia. 

If you have fibromyalgia you may also experience:

In some people, the symptoms of fibromyalgia may come and go, while others experience pain every day.

Methods for diagnosis

There is no specific test that can be used to identify fibromyalgia. Your doctor will usually make a diagnosis based on your symptoms and by assessing if you have pain in the 18 'tender spots'.

Your doctor may perform some tests, such as blood tests or X-rays, to see if other conditions could be causing your symptoms. Fibromyalgia is usually diagnosed after other likely conditions have been excluded and symptoms have lasted longer than three months.

Types of treatment

There is no cure for fibromyalgia. Treatment usually involves a combination of medication and lifestyle changes to help relieve symptoms.

Self care

Self-care treatments are simple things that can be done at home that may help relieve some of your symptoms. They can include:

Psychology

A psychologist may be able to help with effective pain management strategies as well as dealing with fibromyalgia related anxiety and depression.

Medications

Depending on your condition, your doctor may prescribe medication to help reduce the pain and fatigue associated with fibromyalgia. Medications are not always effective at relieving symptoms. They are best used in combination with lifestyle changes to help manage the condition in the long term. Some of the common types of medications that are used to treat fibromyalgia include:

Alternative therapies

Some people with fibromyalgia seek out complementary or alternative therapies, such as acupuncture and massage. These therapies may help some people feel relaxed and improve their symptoms. It is best to notify your doctor before you commence complementary or alternative therapies, as these can have an impact on conventional therapies that you might also be taking.

Potential complications

Fibromyalgia does not usually get worse over time, or lead to other conditions or diseases. However, the pain and lack of sleep associated with fibromyalgia can make it hard to function normally and can sometimes lead to anxiety and depression. If you have fibromyalgia, you may also be more likely to develop other health conditions, such as migraines or irritable bowel syndrome.

Prognosis

Fibromyalgia is a long-term disorder. The pain and tiredness that is associated with the condition can sometimes make it hard to carry out normal daily activities. Although it causes no specific long-term physical damage, the related complications of stress, anxiety and depression can have lasting effects on a person's general wellbeing and health.

Prevention

There is no known way to prevent fibromyalgia, because the cause of the condition is not fully understood.

References

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10 Most frequently asked questions (FAQs)

What is fibromyalgia?
Fibromyalgia is a common condition that causes widespread stiffness, aches and pain in muscles throughout the body. It can also cause extreme tiredness, which can interfere with carrying out normal activities. In some people the symptoms may come and go, while others experience pain every day.
What are the symptoms of fibromyalgia?
The symptoms of fibromyalgia can vary from person to person and can be mild to severe. The most common symptom is widespread aches and pains in the muscles in the back, neck and shoulders. If you have fibromyalgia you may have certain areas on your body that are very tender or sore to touch. These areas are called tender spots and generally appear in 18 places on the body.
What causes fibromyalgia?
The exact cause of fibromyalgia is not known. It can sometimes begin after physical trauma, such as a car accident or surgery, or after a having an infection, depression or experiencing severe stress. It is thought that these events change the way your body's nerves interpret pain, which cause it to be more sensitive, and react even to touch and movement as painful.
How is fibromyalgia diagnosed?
There is no specific test that can be used to identify fibromyalgia. Your doctor will usually make a diagnosis based on your symptoms and by assessing if you have pain in the 18 'tender spots'. Fibromyalgia is usually diagnosed after other likely conditions have been excluded and symptoms have lasted longer than three months.
How is fibromyalgia treated?
There is no cure for fibromyalgia. Treatment for the condition aims to relieve pain and fatigue and usually involves a combination of medication and lifestyle changes. Common lifestyle treatments may include reducing stress, setting a regular sleep pattern and exercising regularly.
Who gets fibromyalgia?
Fibromyalgia can affect all types of people, but women between 30 and 60 years of age are the most likely to develop the condition. You are also more likely to develop fibromyalgia if you have a family member with the condition or have other conditions, such as osteoarthritis, rheumatoid arthritis or lupus.
What are 'tender points'?
In fibromyalgia, there are certain areas on the body that become very tender. These areas are called tender points and generally appear in 18 places on the body. The sites for tender spots include the neck, shoulder, chest, hip, elbows and knees.
Is fibromyalgia contagious?
No, fibromyalgia is not contagious.
Is fibromyalgia serious?
Fibromyalgia is a long-term disorder, but does not usually get worse over time. However, in severe cases the pain and tiredness associated with the condition can make it hard to carry out normal daily activities.
Can fibromyalgia be prevented?
There is no known way to prevent fibromyalgia, because the cause of the condition is not fully understood.

Related topics

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Bronchitis

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About this article

Title: Fibromyalgia

Author: Dr Joanne Van der Velden PhD, BSc (Hons)

First Published: 14 Oct 2014

Last reviewed: 17 Jan 2022

Category: Information on Fibromyalgia

Average rating: 5.0 out of 5 (1166 votes)

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