Avascular necrosis describes the death of bone tissue that occurs when the blood supply to an area of bone is cut off. It causes severe damage to the bone and is also known as ischemic bone necrosis, aseptic necrosis, bone infarction and osteonecrosis.…

A hip fracture is a serious and often painful condition that requires immediate medical attention. It commonly occurs in older people due to thin bones and a tendency for falls. Often surgery is needed to assist with recovery.…

Rheumatoid arthritis is an autoimmune condition that causes inflammation of the lining of joints, resulting in swelling, pain, stiffness and, over time, gradual joint damage. Fortunately, early treatment and appropriate physical activity can improve quality of life.…

Osteoarthritis affects the cartilage in synovial joints, usually in the hands, big toes, knees, hips and spine. As cartilage breaks down, bones in the joints rub against one another, causing pain, stiffness, swelling and bony spurs. Treatment options are available to help manage symptoms.…

Bursitis is swelling and irritation of your bursa. Bursa are small sacs filled with synovial fluid that help reduce the friction when tendons or ligaments rub against other structures, such as bones, muscles and skin.…

Ligaments are bands of strong, flexible tissue that connect bones or cartilage, providing stability to joints. Knee ligament injuries can occur when your knee is hit forcefully, you land on it badly, or it sharply changes direction. Symptoms include swelling and pain, reduced movement, a popping sound, a feeling of instability and sometimes bruising.…