The shoulder joint is surrounded by a fluid-filled capsule that holds fluid within the joint space. In frozen shoulder, the capsule thickens and swells due to the formation of bands of scar tissue within it. The joint becomes inflamed, painful and stiff and moves less freely.…

Shoulder pain is a common symptom. As the body’s most mobile joint, the shoulder comes under a great deal of stress throughout a lifetime. An overuse of shoulder muscles and tendons is a common cause of shoulder pain. Modifying certain activities can help prevent further shoulder pain.…

Polymyalgia rheumatica, or PMR, is inflammation of the shoulders and hips that causes pain and stiffness, often after sleep or rest. It is most often found in people over 50 years of age. PMR can be treated with low doses of corticosteroid medication.…

Ligaments are bands of strong, flexible tissue that connect bones or cartilage, providing stability to joints. Knee ligament injuries can occur when your knee is hit forcefully, you land on it badly, or it sharply changes direction. Symptoms include swelling and pain, reduced movement, a popping sound, a feeling of instability and sometimes bruising.…

Ligaments are bands of strong, flexible tissue that connect bones or cartilage, providing stability to joints. Knee ligament injuries can occur when your knee is hit forcefully, you land on it badly, or it sharply changes direction. Symptoms include swelling and pain, reduced movement, a popping sound, a feeling of instability and sometimes bruising.…

A tear in the meniscus is a common injury. It can cause pain and swelling of the knee and make it hard to move. What is a meniscus? Each of your knees has two menisci - crescent-shaped pieces of cartilage that pad the bones in your knee joint. They act as stabilisers, lubricants and shock absorbers. The blood supply to the menisci is precarious; the outer edges of a meniscus receive a good blood s…